Orthopedic and dental implantsParts for every
area of the skeleton.
Spine, joints, extremities, trauma, dental: we machine implants for medical device manufacturers, from the first prototype to traceable production. The instrumentation used to place them has its own Instruments page.
Spine
Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae
We have already machined polyaxial pedicle screws, set screws and cervical cages. The figures show these parts within a complete spinal fusion construct, with its tulips, connecting rods and a lumbar interbody cage.
- Parts already produced
- Polyaxial pedicle screws, set screws, cervical cages
- Materials
- Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165 · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3), PEEK (ASTM F2026), ISO 5832-9 stainless steel (M30NW) · ASTM F1586
- Equipment
- Tornos DECO 13 / 20 (±5 µm), DMG Mori NTX 1000 (±4 µm)
- Inspection
- Keyence LM-X, Hexagon Global S CMM
Parts shown in the figure
Polyaxial screw
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Set screw. Small headless screw with a hex socket, threaded into the internal thread of the tulip. Tightened to torque, it presses the connecting rod against the screw head and locks the angle chosen by the surgeon. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, external thread, hex socket. On this model: Ø 9 mm, height 5 mm.
Connecting rod. Cylindrical rod that links the screws of several vertebrae. The surgeon bends it in the operating room to follow the curvature of the spine, then clamps it in each tulip. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or ISO 5832-9 stainless steel (M30NW) · ASTM F1586. Typical process: Turning, then bending. On this model: Ø 5.5 mm.
Polyaxial head (tulip). U-shaped part that caps the spherical head of the screw. It pivots in every direction before tightening, so the rod can be aligned even when the screws are not parallel. Its internal thread receives the set screw. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning: U-slot, internal thread, spherical seat. On this model: Ø 12 mm, 5.7 mm slot.
Pedicle screw. Coarse-thread screw that passes through the pedicle, the bony bridge at the back of the vertebra, into the vertebral body. Its spherical head fits into the tulip. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, thread whirling, socket in the head. On this model: Ø 6.5 × 45 mm.
Lumbar construct
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Pedicle screws. Each vertebra receives two screws, one per pedicle. They converge slightly toward the center of the vertebral body, where the bone is strongest. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, thread whirling. On this model: Ø 6.5 × 45 mm.
Polyaxial heads. Each tulip swivels on its screw so the rod runs straight from one vertebra to the next, even if the screws are not at the same angle. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning, internal thread.
Set screws. Once the rod is in place, a set screw is tightened in each tulip. The construct becomes rigid and holds the two vertebrae still while they fuse. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, hex socket.
Connecting rods. Two rods, left and right, link the screws of the two vertebrae. They carry the loads during bone fusion. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or ISO 5832-9 stainless steel (M30NW) · ASTM F1586. Typical process: Turning, then bending. On this model: Ø 5.5 mm.
Interbody cage. Placed between the two vertebral bodies in place of the disc, it restores the height between the vertebrae. Its windows are packed with bone graft: bone grows through them and fuses the two vertebrae. In the neck, the same part is called a cervical cage. Material: PEEK · ASTM F2026 or Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Milling, graft windows, anti-migration teeth. On this model: 11 × 30 mm.
Cervical cage
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Cervical cage. Small cage inserted through the front of the neck between two vertebrae, in place of the damaged disc that was compressing a nerve or the spinal cord. It restores disc height; its teeth prevent it from backing out, and its central window receives the bone graft. Material: PEEK · ASTM F2026 or Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Milling: teeth, graft window, marker holes. On this model: 14 × 12 mm, height 7 mm.
Bone graft. Patient bone or bone substitute packed into the cage window. Within a few months, the two vertebrae fuse through it: this is arthrodesis. Nature: Patient bone or substitute, not a machined part.
Radiopaque markers. PEEK is invisible to X-rays. These small metal pins, press-fitted into the cage, let the surgeon check its position on follow-up X-rays. Material: Tantalum · ASTM F560. Typical process: Precision holes drilled in the cage for press-fitting. On this model: Ø 1 × 3.2 mm, 3 markers.
Joints
Hip (acetabulum, femoral stem), knee, shoulder (glenoid, humeral head)
We have already machined hip and shoulder stems, cups, and acetabular and knee inserts. The figures show these parts within their complete prosthesis: reverse shoulder, total hip and total knee arthroplasty.
- Parts already produced
- Hip and shoulder stems, cups, acetabular and knee inserts
- Materials
- 316LVM (1.4441 · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1), Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3), UHMWPE 1020 / 1050 (ASTM F648 / ISO 5834-2)
- Equipment
- DMG Mori DMU 50, simultaneous 5-axis (< 6 µm)
- Finishing
- Mirror polishing, electropolishing
Parts shown in the figure
Shoulder
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Fixation screws. Two to four screws pass through the baseplate and anchor in the scapula, reaching for the thickest bone. They provide immediate fixation of the implant while bone grows against it. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, thread whirling. On this model: Ø 5 mm, lengths 28 and 21 mm.
Baseplate (metaglene). Circular plate seated against the glenoid, which the surgeon reams flat. A central post goes into the bone and the screws lock it. Its back face is often textured or coated so bone attaches to it. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning, angled holes, fixation taper. On this model: Ø 27 mm, post Ø 7 × 16 mm.
Glenosphere. In a reverse prosthesis, the ball moves to the scapula side. The shoulder’s center of rotation shifts, and the deltoid can raise the arm even when the rotator cuff no longer works. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Finishing: Mirror polishing of the articular surface. On this model: Ø 36 mm.
Insert (cup). Polyethylene cup fitted into the shell of the stem. Its concave face matches the glenosphere: this metal-on-polyethylene couple articulates with every movement of the arm. Material: UHMWPE 1020 / 1050 · ASTM F648 / ISO 5834-2. Typical process: Turning, controlled surface finish on the articular face. On this model: Ø 33 mm.
Humeral stem. It is inserted into the humeral canal and carries, at the top, the shell that receives the insert. The angle between the shell and the stem, here 155°, sets the position of the arm. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Simultaneous 5-axis milling (DMG Mori DMU 50). On this model: Length 143 mm.
Distal locking screws. They pass through the humerus and through holes drilled in the stem. They are mainly used when the bone is fractured or weak: the stem can no longer rotate or subside. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, threading. On this model: Ø 5 mm, length 28 mm.
Hip
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Acetabular cup. Hemispherical shell press-fitted into the acetabulum, the socket of the pelvis, after reaming. Its rough or coated outer surface lets bone attach to it; holes allow screws to be added if needed. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or 316LVM (1.4441) · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1. Typical process: Turning, drilling, milling of the insert locking feature. On this model: Ø 50 mm.
Acetabular insert. Polyethylene liner snapped into the cup. The femoral head rotates inside it: this is the new hip joint. Material: UHMWPE 1020 / 1050 · ASTM F648 / ISO 5834-2. Typical process: Turning, controlled spherical face. On this model: For a 32 mm head.
Femoral head. Polished sphere fitted onto the taper of the stem neck. Its diameter and the chosen neck length set leg length and hip stability. This part, in ceramic or metal, is not machined by us. Material: Ceramic or metal. Manufacturing: Not machined by us. On this model: Ø 32 mm.
Femoral stem. It is inserted into the femoral canal after the neck cut. Its tapered shape locks in the bone, with or without cement. Its angled neck, here at 130°, reproduces the anatomy of the hip. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or 316LVM (1.4441) · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1. Typical process: Simultaneous 5-axis milling, neck taper. On this model: Neck-shaft angle 130°.
Knee
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Femoral component. It replaces the worn surfaces of the femur, like a cap placed on bone cut along five planes. Two pegs keep it from rotating. Its outer face follows the curvature of the condyles. Material: 316LVM (1.4441) · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1. Finishing: Mirror polishing. On this model: Thickness 9 mm.
Polyethylene insert. Polyethylene plateau fixed on the tibial baseplate. Its two dished surfaces receive the condyles of the femoral component. Several thicknesses are available to adjust ligament tension. Material: UHMWPE 1020 / 1050 · ASTM F648 / ISO 5834-2. Typical process: Milling of the dished surfaces, controlled surface finish. On this model: Minimum thickness 8.5 mm.
Tibial baseplate. Metal plateau seated on the horizontal tibial cut. It follows the shape of the bone so it rests on the strongest part, at the periphery. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Milling, insert locking feature. On this model: Thickness 3.5 mm.
Keel. Under the baseplate, a short finned stem goes into the cancellous bone of the tibia. It prevents the plateau from rotating and tilting. Material: Same part as the baseplate. Typical process: 5-axis milling. On this model: Length 42 mm.
Extremities
Hand, wrist, foot, ankle
We have already machined screws and implants for the hand, wrist, foot and ankle. Examples shown: cannulated headless screw for the scaphoid, mini plate and 2 mm screws for a metacarpal, compression screw for first metatarsal osteotomy (hallux valgus).
- Parts already produced
- Screws and implants for hand, wrist, foot and ankle
- Color coding
- Size-coded color anodizing (subcontracted, inspected)
- Equipment
- Chiron FZ 08K S Magnum, 30,000 rpm (±3 µm)
Parts shown in the figure
Scaphoid
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Headless screw. Cannulated screw with a dual thread: the pitch is longer at the tip than at the back. As it is driven in, it draws the two fragments together and compresses them, with no head protruding from the bone. It is placed over a guide wire that runs through its central canal. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Color coding: Size-coded color anodizing. On this model: Ø 3.5 / 4 mm, length 21 mm, 1.0 mm pitch at the tip and 0.8 mm at the back, Ø 1.1 mm cannulation.
Fracture line. The scaphoid often breaks in a fall on the hand. Poorly vascularized, it heals slowly: the compression provided by the screw promotes healing.
2nd metacarpal
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Mini plate. Plate barely more than one millimeter thick, placed on the back of the bone. It keeps the fragments aligned during healing without interfering with the tendons gliding just above. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: High-speed milling, countersunk holes. On this model: 40 × 6 × 1.3 mm, 4 holes.
Ø 2 mm plate screw. Very small-diameter screw whose conical head seats in the plate. One anodizing color per length helps the surgical team pick the right screw. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Equipment: Chiron FZ 08K S Magnum, 30,000 rpm (±3 µm). On this model: Ø 2 mm, 4 screws.
Fracture line. The fracture line is not a machined part. It shows what the plate and screws hold in place while the bone rebuilds.
1st metatarsal
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Compression screw. Only the tip is threaded: as it is tightened, the head pulls the near fragment against the far fragment and closes the osteotomy line. Two screws keep the fragments from rotating. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Color coding: Size-coded color anodizing. On this model: Ø 3 mm, partial thread.
Osteotomy. To correct a hallux valgus, the surgeon cuts the metatarsal at an angle and shifts the fragment. The screws hold the new position while the bone heals.
Trauma
Long bones, pelvis, articular fractures
We have already machined osteosynthesis plates and cortical and cancellous screws, which hold long-bone and pelvic fragments in place while the bone heals.
- Parts already produced
- Osteosynthesis plates, cortical and cancellous screws
- Materials
- Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3), 316LVM (1.4441 · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1)
- Equipment
- 5-axis milling, Fanuc wire EDM (±2 µm)
Parts shown in the figure
Plate and screws
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Osteosynthesis plate. Rigid plate placed along the bone, on either side of the fracture. Its oblong holes allow the fragments to be compressed as the screws are tightened. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or 316LVM (1.4441) · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1. Typical process: 5-axis milling, milled oblong holes. On this model: 122 × 12 × 3.6 mm, 8 holes.
Cortical screws. Fine-thread screws that engage both walls of the bone (cortices). In softer areas, near the joints, cancellous screws with a wider thread are used. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3 or 316LVM (1.4441) · ASTM F138 / ISO 5832-1. Typical process: Swiss-type turning, thread whirling. On this model: Ø 4.5 mm, bicortical.
Fracture. The fracture line is not a machined part. It shows what the plate and screws hold in place: as long as the fragments stay still and in contact, the bone rebuilds.
Dental
Dental implants, abutments and prosthetic screws
We have already machined dental implants, abutments and abutment screws: the parts that carry the crown of an artificial tooth. The crown itself is made by the dental technician.
- Parts already produced
- Dental implants, abutments, abutment screws
- Materials
- Titanium grade 4 (ASTM F67 / ISO 5832-2), Ti-6Al-4V ELI (ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3)
- Equipment
- Chiron FZ 08K S Magnum, 30,000 rpm (±3 µm)
Parts shown in the figure
Dental implant
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Crown. The visible part of the tooth, custom-made by the dental technician in ceramic or zirconia. It is screwed or cemented onto the abutment. Material: Ceramic or zirconia. Manufacturing: Dental technician, not machined by us.
Abutment. Intermediate part that emerges from the gum and carries the crown. Its hexagonal base fits into the implant so it cannot rotate. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning, hexagon, taper of the transmucosal section. On this model: Height 7.6 mm.
Abutment screw. It passes inside the abutment and threads into the bottom of the implant. Tightened to torque, it seats the abutment on the implant with no play. Material: Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning, M1.6 thread, drive recess. On this model: Overall length 10 mm, M1.6.
Implant. Titanium screw placed in the jawbone. Within a few months, the bone bonds to its surface: this is osseointegration. Its internal thread receives the abutment screw. Material: Titanium grade 4 · ASTM F67 / ISO 5832-2 or Titanium Ti-6Al-4V ELI (3.7165) · ASTM F136 / ISO 5832-3. Typical process: Mill-turning, external thread, internal connection. On this model: Ø 4.1 × 10.6 mm.
Figures: complete constructs shown for educational purposes, with generic implants that do not reproduce any commercial product. The parts we have already produced are those listed under “Parts already produced” in each section; parts marked “not machined by us” are shown to explain the construct.
Bones: BodyParts3D © The Database Center for Life Science, under the CC BY 4.0 license (opens in a new tab). Models simplified, cut and sectioned by Precimade.
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